The Passage And Impact Of USA Patriot Act - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 7 Words: 2101 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Level High school Did you like this example? A Paper by Tyler Clay Mr. Hoban: 4th Period I chose to write about the USA PATRIOT Act because it was passed within my lifetime. Its purpose and the actions used because of it will greatly affect me in my lifetime and I wanted to know how it could affect me and what the Act actually contained. I had heard about the Act constanly on the news and knew that it was controversial. I wanted to hear both sides of the story, and in writing this paper, I did. Tyler Clay Mr. Hoban Honors U.S. History 14 Dec. 2010 The Passage and Impact of the U.S.A. P.A.T.R.I.O.T. Act The PATRIOT ACT is a United States bill that was turned into law to help defend the country from terrorist attacks. It also contains measures to help investigate terrorist activities towards or within the country. After its passage on October 26, 2001, the PATRIOT Act has dramatically changed how the United States approaches and monitors terrorism. In doing this, though, the Act has also aroused critics and controversy over its constitutionality. Thi s bill has a particular name given to it that exemplifies the attitudes the United States had when the bill was passed. This bill was called the PATRIOT Act, and it was thus called because during its time of passage, there was widespread patriotism throughout the country because of a series of attacks on the United States on September 11, 2001. On this day, nineteen terrorists hijacked two planes which were flown into the World Trade Center towers in New York City, New York. Sometime after the initial attacks, the two towers collapsed and the entire city was scarred with the rubble and the emotional damage caused by the trauma. Sometime after, another plane was taken over and flown into the Pentagon, the United States State Departments headquarters. The crash caused a fire and many people died in the attack, including the passengers of the plane. But Americas traumatic experience was still not over: a final plane crash was caused by even more hijackers of yet another flight which either was going to be flown into the White House or the Capitol building. Fortunately for those in Washington, the passengers of this flight took it upon themselves to fight back against the terrorists and stopped the plane from reaching its target. Instead, it crashed somewhere in the Pennsylvania countryside. After these devastating attacks on the country, the citizens of the United States began to feel mourn those they lost. In doing this, the country began to come together as one, and feelings of patriotism began to fill the hearts of the country. Americans began to want to fight back against those that had hurt them. Patriotic songs filled the airwaves and the country stood united against its new enemy: terrorism. To combat terrorism, the USA PATRIOT ACT was composed. In this bill, a plan to help bring an end to terrorist activities is outlined and separated into Titles, each of which has a different purpose. Title I outlines procedures to strengthen security within the Un ited States. It does this by establishing a counter-terrorism fund and strengthening the Federal Bureau of Investigations technical fund. Title II, the most controversial section, is a section devoted entirely to surveillance of terrorist activities. This section broadens the governments range of what it can and cannot listen into. It allows wiretapping, or listening into, phone conversations suspected to be terrorist involved, and the sharing of information through phone service providers. The next Title contains articles to stop money laundering, which as the bill states is moving money around to help fund criminal activities. Money laundering can be used by terrorists to help fund their initiatives and plots and congress wanted to put a stop to this before it could affect Americans. Title IV tightens border security in the United States. This includes checkpoints along the northern and southern borders of the United States and increased protection and security at airports and oth er international imports. Title V involves something called a National Security Letter. These are somewhat of a warrant that the Federal Bureau of Investigation uses to gather information from organizations suspected of crime. This Title strengthens these National Security Letters greatly so that they can be more useful to fight terrorism. Unfortunately for the bill, though, these extensions on the National Security Letters caused quite a bit of controversy. Title Six has little to do with combating terrorism, and more to do with repaying the families of those who either perished in the rescue attempts made in the attacks on the United States, or who actually perished in the attacks. A fund was created under this Title to pay thanks to those who were hurt or died in the attacks. Title Eight changed the criminal laws of terrorism. It did this by creating measures against those who aid terrorists, broadening the definition of terrorism, and including cyber terrorism measures. Over fifty-million was spent on new computer crime labs to help track cyber threats and cyber terrorism such as government hacking and other dangerous threats. This is the Title that actually cracks down on the criminals of the future to make sure that they are dealt with in congruence to their acts. Title IX expands upon international intelligence, especially within the Central Intelligence Agency. Many intelligence centers were set up, such as translation centers, specializing in information translation. The final Title, number Ten, includes everything that did not fit into the other Title, such as new definitions of terms like electronic terrorism and electronic surveillance. The USA PATRIOT Act is actually the combinations of many different Nine-Eleven reaction legislations, such as the Anti-Terrorism Act of 2001 and the Financial Anti-Terrorism Act, which included the money laundering deterrent actions that are found in the PATRIOT Act. The original PATRIOT Act or Provide Appropr iate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act was first introduced to Congress on October 2, 2001. During its time in the House of Representatives, it went under minor tweaks and after passage was known as the Uniting and Strengthening America, or USA, Act. After the passage in the House, the bill went under more revisions by House members and was reintroduced as the USA PATRIOT Act. This bill incorporated the already passed PATRIOT Act and incorporated the Financial Anti-Terrorism Act. This Act was presented to the House and passed, and Americans began to really take interest in the contents of the bill. The first prominent government figure to openly scrutinize the bill was Russ Feingold, a Senator who was the only person to oppose the passage of the bill in Congress. His concerns included the hurried passage of the bill, wiretapping, and the change of the way immigrants would be dealt with. Russ Feingold was not the only person to take on the USA PATRIOT Act, tho ugh. The media took quite an interest into bashing the new legislation. Movies, television, and news incorporated the act into their scripts. Michael Moore uses it in his movie Fahrenheit 9/11, Law and Order has used it many times in its plots, often with negative portrayals of the Act. Americans must have begun to see these interpretations of the law, and began to show it in polls, such as the Gallup News poll which stated that by 2003, public support was decreasing and that twenty-five percent of the public thought that the bill went too far and was beginning to invade their privacy. Americans were beginning to get worried that the balance between national security and their rights as citizens was beginning to tip in the wrong direction. No citizen wanted their rights and privacy trampled upon. The EPIC, or Electronic Privacy Information Center, which upholds and does its best to protect the rights of Americans on the Internet, using phones, and other forms of communication, op posed the bill and even went as far as to call it unconstitutional. But one other organization, with quite a bit of civil rights protection history under its belt also took on this bill. The American Civil Liberties Union, majorly known as the ACLU, is definitely the largest and most outspoken protestor of the USA PATRIOT Act. The Union began its campaign against the bill immediately after it was introduced to Congress. After its passage, though, it began to support legislation that would limit the bills power, and even repeal it. The bills that the ACLU supported included the Protecting the Rights of Individuals Act, which attempted to limit the privacy and process changing sections of the PATRIOT Act. Another bill supported by the Liberties Union was the Benjamin Franklin True Patriot Act. This Act would give the PATRIOT Act a test period of ninety days. After that, its effects would have been reviewed and it would be represented to Congress for extension or repeal. Neither the Protecting Rights bill nor the Benjamin Franklin Act passed, and the American Civil Liberties Union had to find a new way to challenge the PATRIOT Act. The National Security Letters in the fifth section of the bill was a major cause of concern to the ACLU. To combat it, the Union found a client to represent, who remained anonymous, and took the case to the courts. Though the case was of national interest and could change the way the country was protected, much of the case was kept confidential. This is because the case involved information obtained in the search of an internet provider, the client, who was searched with authorization given through National Security Letters. The American Civil Liberties Union used the First and the Fourth Amendments as their prosecuting evidence. They stated that without proper legal procedure to defend themselves from investigation. The Supreme Court found that this portion of the Act was unconstitutional, but only if the NSLs were used for n on-terrorist investigations. Though the bill was constantly being opposed, some law makers found that the Act did not go far enough. After three years without any new anti-terrorism laws, a new law was introduced to congress. It was called the Tools to Fight Terrorism Act. This legislation was introduced despite the growing unpopularity of the PATRIOT Act. The Tools Act would give the Federal Bureau of Investigation even more power and surveillance opportunities. The Senate found that this bill was too much, especially since it was already on thin ice about the PATIOT Act, and subsequently congress denied to take the Tools to Fight Terrorism Act any further. Despite constant criticism by the public, the media, and the government, the PATRIOT Act is still in effect, today. This is because it has been constantly reinstated by congress. In 2004, the bill was coming upon its expiration. President Bush pushed for the Act to be reinstated in his State of the Union Address and many othe r speeches he gave to the public. Though people were disliking the bill, they recognized that they still understood that they needed to sacrifice some of their personal privacy to protect the nations physical and economic security. The new Attorney General also saw this, and pushed for the PATRIOT Act to be reauthorized, with a few changes. Congress took the bill in and created a reinstatement bill, called the USA PATRIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005. This bill was taken into the Senate, where a few amendments were made, and the Reauthorization Act was passed. It then headed to the House of Representatives. The House did not agree with many of the Amendments included in the Senates version of the bill. This created a continuous tug of war between the House and the Senate. Finally, after many prominent Republican sent letters to the Senate, the bill was passed again in the Senate by a very heavy majority. The House passed the bill later on, and on March 8, 200 6, the President of the United States, George W. Bush, signed the USA PATIOT and Terrorism Prevention Reauthorization Act of 2005 back into law. The Act continues to be vital in our countrys process of monitoring and defending against terrorism. Without it, who knows what sort of security situation our country would be in today? The USA PATRIOT Act was a very prominent piece of legislation in our countrys recent history. It changed how our country approached and combated terrorism since its original passage in 2001 and continues to be used to this day to protect our nation. But, in doing this, it has created controversy over its constitutionality. Ultimately, though, this bill has helped our nation progress against its new enemy: domestic terrorism. Hopefully, this act will continue to prove itself in the future. Don’t waste time! 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Essay on Downfall of Female Body Image Media’s Influence

Throughout the years, the connotative definition of beauty has gone through constant change. In today’s world, young women are constantly under the impression that they have to fit the current definition in order to fit in with society and be recognized by men. Many girls feel they need to fit the mold instead of being their true unique selves. Every single individual is different in their own way, however the media has drilled it into every young girl’s mind, that they have just like a Barbie doll in order to be happy. Furthermore, these same girls are resorting to extreme methods in order to feel like they fit in such as taking unhealthy weight loss pills and developing eating disorders. Advertising has caused more harm than good in†¦show more content†¦The mass media establishes ideological standards that if achieved will equate with happiness and acceptance† (19). 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Financial Reporting Disclosures for Property Plant- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Reporting Disclosures for Property Plant. Answer: Synopsis Every company whether it is newly incorporated company or the older company, the financial results of the operations of the company is required to be presented. These results are presented in the financial statements of the company comprising of the statement of the comprehensive income and the statement of the balance sheet and the statement showing the cash inflows and the cash outflows. Through this report, the importance of the financial statements has been sighted majorly on one component only which is the Property plant and equipment. The company that has been selected for conducting of the business research is the Wesfarmers Limited. The report has been started describing the requirements and the importance of the general purpose financial reporting and the features that the conceptual framework of accounting possesses. Secondly, the requirements of the disclosure as made by the accounting standard on the property plant and equipment has been discussed and whether the company has complied with the same have been reported. Thirdly, the features of the useful information has been discussed in connection with the conceptual framework of accounting and lastly the analysis has been made in the critical manner and the report has been closed with the appropriate suggestion if any for improvement. General Purpose Financial Reporting And Conceptual Framework The concept of the general purpose financial reporting has been explained and described in the statement of concepts. Firstly, the general purpose financial reporting has been discussed. The statement of concepts number two has defined the general purpose financial report as the reports which has been made and made available for the users of the financial report in the situation where the user does not have control over the presentation and the preparation of the financial reports (AASB, 2001). The users of the financial reports includes the accounts receivable and the accounts payable, to whom the goods have been sold and from whom the goods have been purchased and etc. Secondly the term of the conceptual framework of accounting is dealt with the structure or the layout within which the financial reports of any company is developed and presented. This framework is consists of the layout as prepared in accordance with the Australian accounting standards, international financial reporting standards and the corporations act, 2001. The conceptual framework of accounting has been explained in the statement of concepts number eight. The main objective of having the conceptual framework of accounting is that the financial statements shall be prepared in such manner so that the uniformity shall be available across the globe in the preparation and the presentation of the financial statements. As per OB 1 of the statement of concept number eight the general purpose financial reports acts as the platform or the base on which the conceptual framework of accounting has been constructed and developed. The aims for having the general purpose financial reports in t he system has been detailed under the paragraph number beginning from the OB 1 and ending to OB 21. The main objective of having the general purpose financial reports is to provide the understanding to the users of the financial statements about the result of the company both in the meaning of the financial position and as well as in the meaning of the financial performance. The users then will be able to take the decision on an effective basis after analyzing the financial results of the company. The users decision will be in total based on the type of interest like customers will like to have the information as to whether goods shall be purchased from the particular vendor or not and the supplier will to have the information like whether it will be useful to sell the goods to the particular vendor and also even in case of the requirements of funding from the banks, the first step that the banks usually takes as to whether the company has the required creditworthiness and so on. The second main objective of the preparation of the general purpose financial reports is that to ascertain or estimate the cash inflows of the company that will be generated in the future. This is because only on the basis of the estimation and judgments applied by the management of the company in respect of the cash flows that will be generated in future, many investors wants to invest in the company and thus becomes the potential investor of the company as the same will help them in knowing whether the company will increase the wealth of their investment so made in the company or likely to be made in the company. Along with the objectives of the general purpose financial reports, there exists the features of the conceptual framework of accounting that has been listed and mentioned in the paragraph number beginning from QC 1 and ending with QC 39. It contains two basic features of the conceptual framework and these are the relevancy and second one is the faithful representation (AASB, 2010). Apart from these features, in order to enhance or increase the usefulness of the financial information, three more features have been prescribed and these are comparability, understandability and verifiability. These have been mentioned in QC 4 of the statement of concepts number eight. Disclosure Of Property Plant And Equipment The disclosure of the property plant and equipment shall be made in accordance with the Australian accounting standard number 116. For continuing the discussion, the company has been selected from the Australian stock exchange list which is Wesfarmers Limited. The company is into the business of having super market chains all over the Australia and New Zealand. In accordance with the seventy fourth paragraph of the relevant standard the company shall disclose the following in their financial statements (AASB, 2010): The accounting policy for the measurement of the asset both initially and subsequently. The basis for calculation of the cost of the asset and the net carrying amount The basis for calculation of the depreciation and the basis for choice of having the particular depreciation method The basis for estimation of the useful life of an asset The proper statement showing the reconciliation of the carrying amount and the net carrying amount for the period under consideration and for the period immediately before that period. After analyzing the note number seven of the annual report of the company, it has disclosed all the matters in the annual report of the company and have given the slab for the useful life of an asset like twenty to forty years for the different kinds of the plant and equipment and the proper statement reconciling the two years balances and thus showing the net carrying amount of ten thousand million dollars approximately (Company official Website, 2017). In this way the company is complying with the requirements of the accounting standards. Features Of Usful Financial Information The conceptual framework of accounting as per statement of concept number eight has prescribed that there is one fundamental feature which is known as the faithful representation. It includes within itself three concepts which are complete, free from error and neutral. All the three concepts have the role in establishing the faithful representation of the financial statements. In the given case, the company has mentioned all the things in the note number seven of the financial statements which indicates and establish that all the features are present therein as the information provided is totally complete and the auditors report has further clarified that the financial statements are error free and is not prepared on the basis of the personal bias or similar interest. The feature that further increased the usefulness of the financial information is that the financial statements has made the results easily understandable by any one and due to the application of the uniform accounting policies and the accounting standards that are globally acceptable, the company has facilitated the two other features which are comparability and the understandability. Financial Reporting Objectives The extent of the disclosures so made by the company in its annual report for the year ending 2017 is as per the requirements of the accounting standards and the accounting concepts. The information so provided by the company is not only meaningful but also very useful for the users of the financial statements to take the decision accordingly. As the general purpose financial reports targets the potential community of the customers, suppliers or investors, etc, the large benefit have been enjoyed by them. It is because the company in current situation is the competitor for the largest company Woolworths Limited and operates across the country of Australia and New Zealand. Thus, then objectives of the general purpose financial reports have been achieved in great manner. Conclusion The conceptual framework of accounting carries the fundamental features of the financial information and also the features that will enhance the usefulness of the information. On the other hand general purpose financial reports acts as the base on which the conceptual framework is developed. These two are the pillars which ensure the compliance with the provisions of the accounting standards, accounting concepts and the law of the governing state. The company Wesfarmers Limited has provided all the disclosures in accordance with the accounting standards and other related statutes. Apart from all the compliances, the company shall strive for improving the financial information quality so as to ensure the comparability across the globe. References AASB, (2001), Objectives of General Purpose Financial Reporting, available at https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/SAC2_8-90_2001V.pdf accessed on 25/09/2017. AASB, (2010), Conceptual Framework, available at https://www.fasb.org/jsp/FASB/Document_C/DocumentPage?cid=1176157498129acceptedDisclaimer=true accessed on 25/09/2017. AASB, (2010), Property Plant and Equipment available at and https://www.aasb.gov.au/admin/file/content102/c3/AASB116_07-04_ERDRjun10_07-09.pdf accessed on 25/09/2017. Company official Website, (2017), Annual Report 2017 , available at www.wesfarmers.com.au/

Paul Henderson Essays - Politics And Sports,

Paul Henderson For this project I chose as the quintessential Canadian, Paul Henderson. He is representative of the entire 1972 Team Canada. Before this famous series, it was assumed that Team Canada was unbeatable, but it soon became clear that Canada would be the underdogs and have to fight back. In the end, it was the little known player, Paul Henderson, who became the star and restored pride in the hearts of all Canadians. He is truly a "quintessential" Canadian. The 1972 Summit Series represented what was going to be a test of the best, to see who was the best "Hockey Country," Canada or the Soviet Union. Canada put their superstars up against the Soviet Union in an eight game Series where four games would be played in Canada and four in the Soviet Union. The games in Canada were played in Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg and Vancouver while in the Soviet Union, they were all played in Moscow. The superstars for Canada included Bobby Orr, Ken Dryden, Tony and Phil Esposito, the Mahovolich brothers, Jean Ratelle, Yvon Cournoyer, Rod Gilbert, Dennis Hull, Brad Park and Pat Stapleton. Canada seemed to have a stacked team, but the Soviet Union was not about to quit. In fact, they dominated Team Canada in Canada taking two of four, losing one and tying one. Canada was embarrassed! Losing game one in Montreal 7-3 Canada had given the mental edge to the Soviet Union, but took it right back in game two in Toronto with a 4-1 win. Game three in Winnipeg was anyone's game, but neither team could get a definite lead and the final was 4-4. The series was now 1-1-1 for both teams. Convinced that they could not go to the Soviet Union trailing in the series, Canada needed a big game, but to no avail as they lost in Vancouver 5-3. Team Canada left the ice to the sound of boos. When the game was over, Phil Esposito said that they (Team Canada) were going out every night and playing their butt's off and all the selfish Canadian fans can do is boo them off the ice. He thought it was a disgrace. They were giving it 150 percent every night for one reason, because they loved their country. After that interview, 3,000 fanatic fans bought tickets to see Canada in Moscow. Down two games to one, Team Canada needed three out of four to win the Summit Series and prove that Canada was the best. Unfortunately, Canada lost the first game in the Soviet Union, and were down 3-1-1. Canada was in a state of desperation and that is when Paul Henderson stepped up. Game six in Moscow was the first of the three crucial games in Canadian history. Henderson, with one minute left in Game six, slipped the puck past a sprawling Vladislav Tretiak to get the 3-2 win. In game seven, Henderson was again the hero scoring the winning goal in a dramatic 4-3 finish. Game eight was THE biggest game in Team Canada history. This Summit Series started with Team Canada as the favorites, and that changed to the Soviet Union being the favorites and the Canadians being the underdogs. Now Game eight was here and Canadians all over the world were watching. With the series tied 3-3-1 Canada needed the win to prove they were the best. With the score deadlocked at 5 and one minute to go, Henderson made Pete Mahovlich get off the ice to let him on. With 40 seconds left, Cournoyer sent the puck ahead to a speeding Henderson. Henderson slipped and fell into the near boards. Esposito intercepted the clearing attempt by the Soviet Union and banged it towards Tretiak who made the save but left the rebound loose. Henderson, alone in front, took two whacks and on the second whack it went in to the right of Tretiak with only 34 seconds left on the clock. Canada had won the game. Paul Henderson, is the true Canadian hero and the perfect definition of the "Quintessential Canadian". Canadians all over the world were filled with a sense of pride at that moment in time. At that time, Hockey was the one thing that helped identify us as Canadians. It

Jupiter - Monster of Our Solar System essays

Jupiter - Monster of Our Solar System essays ?Jupiter is the largest planet in the solar system that named after kings of gods in Roman mythology. Also, ancient Greeks called the Jupiter- Zeus, whom is the king of the Greek pantheon. (Jupiter, Largest) In early days of 1610, the father of the modern astronomy Galileo, who made it first recorded sighting of the Jupiter system, only after 18 months after the first telescope was invented (Jupiter: The). The day in Jupiter is only 9.9 hours and orbits the Sun in 11.86 years (Jupiter: The). It is visible to naked eye and four hundred million miles(~5AU) away from earth. The composition of Jupiter's atmosphere is similar to that of the sun mostly hydrogen and helium. Moreover, Jupiter acts like miniature solar system. Presence of Jupiter is one very important reason why we have life on Earth, and habitable environment instead of pummeled by so many comets and astroids (Jupiter: The). Also, It has an enormous magnetic field and more than sixty moons. Jupiter has the most exotic weather patterns we have ever discovered in the solar system. Finally, Jupiter's four largest moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto.These four moons are known today as the Galilean satellites. Formation of Jupiter is greatest misery associated with its formation as a planet. Jupiter is the biggest planet in the solar system, more than twice as massive as all the other planets combined (Jupiter, Largest). Some believe Jupiter may have been a failed star, like the sun, it has the right ingredients. Jupiter is 84% hydrogen and 14% helium, which are the two lightest and the most abundant elements in the universe (Jupiter: The). However, it does not have enough mass to create internal pressure and temperature necessary to have nuclear fusion. If it had been about 80 times more massive, it would have actually become a star instead of a planet (Jupiter, Largest). The imme...

The Biography of Louise McKinney

The Biography of Louise McKinney A temperance advocate, Louise McKinney was one of the first two women elected to the Alberta Legislative Assembly and one of the first two women elected to a legislature in Canada and in the British Empire. An excellent debater, she worked on legislation to help people with disabilities, immigrants, and widows and separated wives. Louise McKinney was also one of the Famous Five Alberta women who fought and won the political and legal battle in the Persons Case to have women recognized as persons under the BNA Act. Birth September 22, 1868, in Frankville, Ontario Death July 10, 1931, in Claresholm, Northwest Territories (now Alberta) Education Teachers College in Ottawa, Ontario Professions Teacher, temperance and womens rights activist and Alberta MLA Causes of Louise McKinney temperance educationstronger liquor controlwomens property rights and the Dower Act Political Affiliation Non-Partisan League Riding (Electoral District) Claresholm Career of Louise McKinney Louise McKinney was a teacher in Ontario and then in North Dakota.She moved to a homestead near Claresholm, Northwest Territories in 1903.Louise McKinney became involved in the Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) while in North Dakota and organized a chapter in Claresholm. She continued as an organizer for the WCTU for more than 20 years, eventually becoming acting president of the national organization.Louise McKinney was elected to the Alberta Legislative Assembly in 1917, in the first election in which Canadian women could run for office or vote. Suspicious of the political donations made by large brewing and liquor companies to the major parties, Louise McKinney ran under the banner of the Non-Partisan League, an agrarian movement.With the help of Henrietta Muir Edwards, Louise McKinney introduced the bill that became the Dower Act, which guaranteed a woman a third of the family estate when her husband died.Louise McKinney was defeated in the 1921 Alberta election and did no t run again. Louise McKinney was one of four women to sign the Basis of Union forming the United Church of Canada in 1925.Louise McKinney was one of the Famous Five Alberta women in the Persons Case which established the status of women as persons under the BNA Act in 1929.

The economist introduction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The economist introduction - Essay Example The first articles were a response to the Corn Law which regulated the importation of con to England. It was during this period that there were many activists who were against this law terming it as a law that was aimed at undermining free trade. ‘The Economist’ gave a group of activists who were commonly referred to as the Anti-Corn Law League a voice because it was through ‘The Economist’ that the members of the Anti-Corn Law League were able to debate their opinion on the Corn Law and argue the reason as to why they were not convinced that the Anti-Corn-law was of any economic significance to England. Readers from various parts of the world usually get the same editorial content. however, there is always a difference in advertisements in accordance with the area. This is a way through which the magazine has been able to include advertisements that are of relevance to specific geographical areas. Using universal advertisement will limit the magazine to onl y advertising products that consumed globally in all the areas where their products are produced. This would have limited the effectiveness of the magazine as a medium of advertisement and a source of product information for their readers (Matthes, Schemer&Wirth, 2007). Therefore, having specific adverts for specific geographical locations is a way through which the advertisement can be more meaningful and powerful in order to serve the purpose for both the publisher and the companies that use the magazine for advertisement.

Child and health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Child and health - Essay Example has to say on these matters it is also the case that this paper will also provide some personal insight into the effectiveness as well as the relevance of these issues in our modern society. According to an article published by Paediatrics (2009) one of the major issues facing Paediatric cancer survivors is long term follow care. According to the article it was the case that prior to the 1970’s most children dealing with cancer died as a result of the primary disease however as a result of improvements in medical technology the survival rates have increased dramatically. However as a result of this, what we can say is that long term care literature has only been developed in the last forty years. What was proposed by the article was a so called â€Å"Shared-care model† in which the duties of long term care is split between primary care providers as well as the cancer specialists postulating that routine health maintenance and meeting the emotional needs of survivors should be the responsibility of the primary care providers. Under this model the oncology specialist should be available as part of a routine to provide ongoing care in regards to any uncertain ties that should arise with the long term care. One of the most persistent issues of health promotion amongst juniors through teens is proper nutrition and exercise. On the Great Ormond Street Hospital (2010) there is a link to the healthy eating sections for each age classification for younger people (Juniors, kids and teens). Furthermore there are guidelines for these younger people and how they can adopt an exercise regime that can be best suited to their needs given a number of input variables (Current weight, current activity levels etc.) Lastly there is the promotion of an oft not quoted subsection of youth health which is mental health. There is little question that today’s youths face a unique set of challenges and fortunately it is the case that the Great Ormond Street Hospital offers a clear outline

English Language Learner Essay Example for Free

English Language Learner Essay The United States still represents to the rest of world a land of opportunities. Immigration occurs when people from all part of the world make their way here to start new lives, find their new jobs or build new homes. Some leave their country to flee from oppression and injustice. Some want a life to escape poverty. Now the English Language Learners in America school constantly growing percent of all U.S student-There are more than five million children who are English Language Learners (ELLs). Research show that Bilingual Education is beneficial to people who learning English to support their English Language also native language and to retain. The Bilingual Education is more effective to English Learners research that students who are educate in Bilingual classrooms do as well as or better than the groups of English sold literacy skill, cause of their thinks are just would cover their miserable life by money, that’s all they have to do. The challenge faced by English Language is an obstacle to their education success in this country. Amount of students who participating to learn English are enrolled in U.S. public schools (pre-K-12) increased by 8.5 percent, from 46.0 million in 1997-1998 to mostly 50 million in 2007-2008. In them, at least 10.7 percent or more than 5.3 million children were English Language Learners (ELLs). Over the time, the number of ELL increased by 53.2 percent, from 3.5 million to 5.3 million) in the same period, this statistic was show that there is no signal to stop and might be grow up in the future. The nation’s ELL student (about 1.5 million children) mainly lived in California, state with the largest amount of student in need of English instruction. Behind California, the three states also contained an amazing number of ELL enrollment: Arizona (166,572), New York (213,000), and Texas (701,800). All English Language Learners are definitely struggling to learn English sometime, they were fail to understand what is the teacher talking about, and may become unpleasantness when they have an idea but cannot transmit wholeness express their thoughts in English. That’s might be a biggest problem for ELLs who would like to speak English well but don’t want to learn English. Meanwhile, many students experience another kind of struggle, when they go home, they speak different language in which their parents  communicated. But a lots immigrant students of ELL have a habit of fluency in English and so want to give up their native language. They pressure to speak English at school; they are expected to speak their native language at home. In the education process, there is â€Å"English-only Laws do not help Immigrant gain fluency in English â€Å". Some individually consider that being not only of English Language Learners (ELL), but of American communities as a whole. The governments do not promote English as official language so much as they make discrimination to different kind of language. However, ELLs should not receive English-only laws, instead achieve literacy, it makes disconnect to immigrant who want to keep their tradition. Beside of that, an obstacle for all students of ELLs that they must to receive the same program such as student spokes of native English when they are during education process, many trammels as reading literature in English cause most literature is culture bound. Students who desire to speak English fluency must struggle for several year before they understand everything that is said i n their classroom, and that is discrimination for all ELLs as they received entire subjects with not their language such as mathematics, science, social study, language art,†¦ while their literacy skills do not well at all. Bilingual Education – consider that such as education in an English-language school system in which students with little fluency in English are taught in both their native language and English. Research show that Bilingual Language is the effective choice and definitely benefic for English Language Learners. It not only helping to advantage of ELLs to become solid literacy skills with both language, Bilingual Education also support to students develop ability of communication with international. The review found that almost K-12 students show who have been educated in bilingual classroom, enroll in programs that have high level of bilingualism probably do as well as or might be better than comparison group of English Learners in English-only program. English Learners want to improve their English as well as they could be, but they also receive a lot of challenges from English. As you are learning any new language, it takes a lot of dedication, practice and time. But all of that will pay off when you are able expressing yourself in an exciting way. You have to know what is your first step will going to be, then just keep going and expand all experience that you have become perfectly. Also, the English teacher should  purposefully select words and sentence structures that will help students learn rather than hinder their success in class or practice for them to listening, specific is talking to improve their pronunciation. Eventually, English Language Learners could be received a lot of challenges by English Language as they struggle to fit into a new society, learn a new language, improving the achievement of communicate ability with international. However, English has been the common world-wide language, and it will be in the future. For this reason, English Language Learners must be insist that practice and policy by based on the best evidence we have and not on politics or predilections.

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger :: God Religion Theology Essays

The Concept of Transcendence in Heidegger ABSTRACT: The history of Heideggerian commentaries confront us with a string of parallel concepts: metaphysics and theology, onto-theology and Christian theology, thought and faith, Being and God, and so on. It should also be noted that these different dual concepts have served, in various ways, several strategies for the interpretation of Heidegger. These various strategies are summarized as follows: the relation between philosophy and theology in the thought of Heidegger is threefold and should be read to the rhythm of his thinking according to the themes of facticity and transcendence. History of heideggerian commentaries confronts us with a series of parallel notions : "Metaphysics and Theology", "Onto-Theology and Christian Theology", "Theology and Faith" and finally "Being and God". I should also point out that these different dual concepts organise several strategies to interpret Heidegger. These strategies can be gathered under four grand points. First of all, a diagnosis in terms of "secularised Theology" coupled with an exitentialisation of the fundamental concepts presiding over the duality of the Dasein. According to this diagnosis, Heidegger's work is seen, in the best case, as a veiled revival of christian Theology. In this perspective it is appropriate to recapture the existential analysis and to open it up towards the theological language, since he has never really been far from it. A second way of reading the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's work consist in organising a "theological deconstruction" within christian Theology. A third strategy prefers to read the link between Philosophy and Theology in terms of territorial delimitation, a sort of epistemological "Yalta" between two speculative exercises. Finally, I should mention a fourth type of strategy which finds its origin in the "ontological difference" and wants to renew the terms of proximity to the divine. The recent publication of some of Heidegger's unpublished works pleads for a renewed reading and gives credit to the hypothesis which I summarise as follows : the relation between Philosophy and Theology in Heidegger's thought is threefold and coextensive with Heidegger's thinking itself, according to the two themes of "facticity" and "transcendence". (1) I. THREE TOPICS The different meanings of the concept of Philosophy and Theology point to three topics concerning the relation of Philosophy and Theology as such. These topics should be formulated as follows : first of all as the relation between "Philosophy and Scriptural Theology". Ontology, as a science, while distanciating itself from whatever "Weltanschauung", happens in rigorous fidelity to the philosophical adventure.

Reliability and Validity Matrix

TEST of Reliability | Application and APPROPRIATENESS| Strengths| Weaknesses| Internal Consistency| This measure of reliability is appropriate when trying to determine the difference in reliability from shortening or lengthening a test (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). Here I am specifically referring to the Spearman-Brown formula being used to determine internal consistency. A researcher could also use other measures of internal consistency meant for heterogeneous test items, such as Inter-item consistency. The reliability of a test increases with an increase in the number of test items. One of the strengths of the Spearman-Brown Formula is that is can determine how much more or less reliable a test is as a researcher lengthens or shortens the test. This measure can also work in reverse and tell a researcher how many items they need to add to reach a certain reliability coefficient. | The problem with the use of the Spearman-Brown formula to determine internal consistency is that it is only affective with homogenous test items, that is items that are the same difficulty and length.Also, tests of reliability are higher for whole-test vs. half-test applications of the formula, which means that lengthier tests work better with this instrument. | Split-half| The split-half form of measuring reliability entails creating two halves in the same test that can be compared in the same manner as the parallel form of reliability testing uses. This type of measurement is appropriate when using odd-even reliability or random assignment splits, but is most applicable when designing mini-parallel forms of the same test.In this instance, each half is, â€Å"†¦as nearly equal as humanly possible—in format, stylistic, statistical, and related aspects† (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010, p. 145). | The strength of this kind of measure is that it is less time-consuming and less cumbersome for test-takers than the parallel form, but is also a good measure of internal consistency. T his type of measurement also help keep in check intermediary variables that might introduce error variance into the analysis, since the both parallel portions of the test are taken at once. However, there are several intermediary variables that are enhanced by this form of measuring reliability: fatigue that is felt during the second part of the test but not the first and variance in the difficulty or content of the items in the first half vs. the second half. It is also not advised to simply split a test down the middle. The different halves should have the same content and difficulty of question for the measure of reliability to be accurate. Test/retest| This type of test is applicable when the construct being measured is relatively stable over time, but is inappropriate for constructs that are not stable over time (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). This is because test/retest reliability is based on taking the same test, with the same people, at two different times. If the construct being measured is purported to change over time, then the scores of the test would vary because of true variance, rather than error variance—which is the basis of reliability, the latter that is. An example of this principle might be an achievement test measuring grammatical skills.If the test-taker undergoes a series of lessons on grammar between the first test and the second test, then the test will show variance, but not due to error but due to the intermediary variable of education. Test/retest reliability would be inappropriate in this situation. | The strength of this measurement of reliability are in tests that, â€Å"†¦employ outcome measures such as reaction time or perceptual judgment† (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010, p. 143). This is because these types of psychometric traits do not vary greatly over time and are not sensitive to many types of intervening variable. The weakness of test/retest reliability is, of course, that the underlying constructs being tested can change over time, and therefore lower the test/retest reliability due to true variance rather than error variance. In this case, the overall reliability of a test might be seen as lower even though the actual measurement of the construct is stable (it is just that the construct itself varies). | Parallel and alternate forms| Both parallel and alternative forms of test reliability utilize multiple instances of the same test items at two different times with the same participants (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010).These types of measures of reliability would be most appropriate with tests that measure traits that are stable over a long period of time and inappropriate when measuring finite emotional states or anxiety levels. | The strength of this measure of reliability is that it measures the core construct through several variances of the same test item. If equivalent scores are found on multiple forms of the same test item, then the reliability of the test will go up. Moreover, there are wa ys to perform this type of reliability analysis without having the test-taker undergo multiple examinations: internal onsistency estimate of reliability. This type of analysis would save time and money. | Designing these types of measures are time-consuming, expensive, and tiresome for the test-taker who has to take variations of the same test items over and over again. Also, these forms of testing reliability are not dependable for measuring constructs that change over time, such as anxiety levels. Another weakness is that if the tests are taken some time apart, then intervening variables might have an effect on the scores, thereby increasing error variance. Test of Validity| Application and APPROPRIATENESS| Strengths| Weaknesses| Face validity| Face validity is a description of the subjective perception of the test-taker of the test’s validity (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). This measure is not so much a quantification of the test’s actual validity, but a measure of the te st-taker’s perception of the test’s validity. Face validity is most appropriate when measuring the test-takers confidence that a test measures what it purports to measure. The strength of face validity is that if the test-taker has confidence in the validity of test, then they are more likely to take the test, and further the test user is more likely to administer the test. Without face validity, the test might be perfectly valid, but it is not administered or taken properly because the user/taker does not have confidence in the test. | The weakness of face validity is that it might not measure actual validity. A test can appear to be valid to the user/taker while also being completely invalid for the construct/time/place of the test.A good example might be the inkblot test. Psychologists that adhere to the psychodynamic perspective of psychopathology would say that the test is perfectly valid for determining personality characteristics, but the test taker might not un derstanding how the test applies to personality development, thereby undermining the face validity of the test. | Content validity| Measures of content validity are most useful in situations a test designer is trying to create test items that match the content of the material being tested (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010).For instance, a final course exam should test the content area that the course covered. Further, this measure might not be applicable in situations where the skills that the test designer are looking for in the applicant are not currently part of the skill-set of the already employed, such as in cases of new positions. | One of the strengths of content validity is that it can used to work backwards from job responsibilities to job applicant requirements.First, the test designer would examine veteran workers perform their job, and then design an application process that looks for these qualities in a potential employee. The items that are judge essential for the job are the ones that are most advantageous for the applicant to possess. | The downfall of content validity is that the perspective of the material being covered is culturally and chronologically subjective, meaning that the questions can have different answers in different areas of the world or at different times.Therefore, the test items must be culturally and chronologically accurate for the test-takers for content validity to be used. | Criterion related| I know this is personal opinion, but I think that criterion-related validity is the most powerful of all of the methods of verifying validity—especially concurrent validity. This type of validity is used to verify that the criterion that the test score purports to represent is actually in the sample of individuals being tested (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010).For instance, a group of people who have already been diagnosed with schizophrenia could be tested using a new instruments and if they all score high on the test for schizophrenia, th en the test can be said to have acceptable validity. | One of the strengths of criterion-related validity is that it is a very powerful measure of the actual validity of a test score. This type of validity uses methods external to the test itself to verify that the test covers the subject matter and criterion that it purports to cover. This fact alone makes this measure the most objective and verifiable of the measures of validity. A weakness of content validity is that criterion contaminations can occur, which is when the same predictor measure and criterion measure are used. As an example, if the diagnosis of a mental disorder by a panel of diagnosticians is used both as the test criterion and the measure of test validity. | Construct| Construct validity is the umbrella under which all of the other sub-types of validity fall (Cohen & Swerdlik, 2010). Construct validity is appropriate to use in cases where a test is trying to measure some underlying construct, such as intelligence or anxiety.I suppose this measure of validity might not be appropriate in situations where there is not one clear construct that is being measured, such as generalized achievement tests. | One of the main strengths of construct validity is that the procedures used to verify underlying constructs follow the edicts of the scientific method. A hypothesis is formulated, predicting that if someone possesses in great quantity the construct of intelligences—as verified through other measures—then they will score high on a test purporting to measure intelligence.In this way, a predictions is made based on scientific facts and then the test is used to determine if the prediction holds true. If it does not, then the test items, predictions, or underlying construct might need to be revised. | The downfall of this measure of validity is that if there is not one clear construct or if the construct is vaguely defined, then the validity of the test score is not measurable. So, the va lidity of the test rests on the underlying construct definition and specificity. |

Hotel Model Essay

The hotel model is where support staff do things for the people they look after and then become observers by not doing things for themselves. Active support is a way of ensuring people are able to engage and take part in their own support by having a person centred plan for them. Promoting Independence help the people I work with to regain or learn new skills to live there everyday life Informed Choice making sure the patient knows all the options that are available to them so they can make a choice of what they want to do  Valued life is the balance of activities that contribute to a good quality of life for the patients including domestic, personal, leisure, social actives and education Active support is a person centred model that is focused on the Individual and their needs it promotes independence by allowing the individual to do things for themselves, however small. Being independent doesn’t mean being completely on their own, but being Supported to do things for thems elves. It also gives them an informed choice the individual is given thorough information in order to make informed choices Themselves and valued life by giving them access to a good quality of life with all the different services and activities that are on offer The three elements in positive interaction that promote the individuals participation in an activity are naturally occurring reward (cup of tea they made for themselves) praise from staff and peers or getting to do an activity that they enjoy. I would speak to the patient and use visual aids and give them all the relevant information so they can make an informed choice. Highlight the potential risks and benefits and rehearsing the journey, where appropriate. I would make sure they have had their medication prior to the journey and that they take any medication they require with them for the journey they want to take. I would make a social story to explain what was going to happen and where we are going from leaving the unit to returning and ask the individual if this was ok. I would check the section 17 status for the patient, the seating plan for the vehicle and the patitais care plan for any new procedures the risks, dangers and difficulties associated with making journeys with the individual I work with, that they are wearing their seat belt. I would review the journey, with individuals, key people and others whether the journey met the planned outcomes and any changes that should be made for future journeys. I would ask the individual if they had a good time the things they liked about the trip the things they didn’t like and feed this back through the actives sheet for the trip. Fill out the activities sheet and the section 17 Leave form My assessor can see the forms I have completed. An individual’s participation represents the balance of activity associated with a valued life by joining in with the group, building social skills and friendships learning how to interact with peers and carers. Making choices for themselves, learning new skills, getting exercise and new domestic skills. Giving positive reinforcement through praise and rewards helps the individual to feel valued and part of the group

Synthesis essay Essays

Synthesis essay Essays Synthesis essay Essay Synthesis essay Essay Although it does not mean that if children eat doughnuts they will literally turn into one but may cause them to feel sluggish. Eating healthier foods allows one to feel better than if junk food was eaten. As a result of eating mass amounts of junk food, people are seeing the repercussions in their children. With an attempt to end childhood obesity, parents have been pushing for the government to become involved through improved Options to eat in schools, tighter control Of the F-DAD, providing more ways for people to become educated on what they are eating, and cheaper options to get healthy food. Due to the increase in childhood obesity along with the poor quality of food offered at schools and to the lower class, the American Government has the responsibility to intensify its role in keeping people healthy in order to counteract obesity and keep its citizens healthy. The issue of obesity is rapidly increasing as it is seriously affecting children, triggering parents to promote government intervention. Defined as goods lacking nutritional value, junk food has become prevalent in schools. Recently Michelle Obama has begun to increase schools promotion of healthy alternatives to junk food snacks and hot lunch meals. She explained her stance on schools roles in promoting healthier living by saying, The idea here is simple-?our classrooms should be healthy places where kids arent bombarded with ads for junk food. Synthesis Essay Introduction Television in the contemporary society is associated with all the societal evils as some assume that it has abetted the corruption of morals in society. This is true from a single perspective. However, television has been a means of showing the world of the societal changes all of which are attributable to modernization. Discussion Neil Postman is considered as vocally aggressive in his writing, in Amusing Ourselves to Death as part of a dedicated issue on media ecology. He is of the view that television entertainment is merely a modern day â€Å"soma† whereby the consumers’ rights are forgone for exchange of entertainment (Postman, 1985). Essentially, he is of the view that television is only limited to certain ideas. As he states, â€Å"forms excludes content†, he elaborates that a medium can sustain only a defined level of ideas. He illustrates by print typography, which he defines as society’s rational argument, which is different in entirety from television medium. Hence societal aspects such as religion and politics are reduced to mere â€Å"news of the day† by the various media and specifically the television (Postman, 1985). Such elements are reduced to mere commodities, which are packaged and sold via the television screens. Hence, information depicted in television as news is biased and placed in favor of satisfaction of the consumer needs. Thus, television has played a significant role in the depreciation of quality of information aimed at the views merely due to the need to give consumers what is assuming instead of what is essential to the consumers. From the writing, it is evident that the quality of information has been replaced by the need to satisfy the entertainment needs of consumers. According to Postman, television news have assumed positions as entertainment programs given their themes, interruption by commercials, music, individuals who are sociable and beautiful aimed at captivating the audience. The visual images are also used to market lifestyles led by the people in the television companies. This is evidenced by political quest whereby individuals assume power because of their ability to present themselves on television programs and talk shows (Postman, 1985). Quayle agrees with Postman on various aspects in relation to the effects of television on society. He agrees that the modern television news is simply a new form of entertainment. However, he adds that he has contrasted opinions about the medium that is television. In essence, Quayle is right, as he states that media has evolved into a different form of contemporary media in comparison to what Postman defined as media and specifically television media. He agrees with Postman that the increase in entertainment has resulted in a subsequent increase in what could be considered as â€Å"junk† programs (Quayle, 2009). He adds that television could not support public discourse in entirety, but some aspects of television according to him have the potency to result into great public discourse. He differentiates his argument from that posed by Postman as separated by the word â€Å"all† in reference to television programs. He states that not all programs are insufficient is the propagation of public discourse. This is according to Qualley is evidenced by the numerous shows aired simultaneously by the various cable networks which contain public discourse such as business shows, speeches by presidents and politicians. Such television programs are not what could be defined as entertainment as they aired with the aim of propagating public discourse. He also gives evidence of the recent financial crisis television airings. These television news could not be termed as aimed at merely entertaining the audience but were solely meant for educational and informative purposes to the audience (Quayle, 2009). Television has aided greatly in the various public discourses such as improving the economic knowledge of society through business shows and cable news channels. Technology has also played a significant role in the evolution of television and its role in the propagation of public discourse. Products such as technology-based gadgets like smartphones have enabled increased access to television material across the world (Quayle, 2009). He however, tends to agree on the idea that television programming is getting worse in the contemporary society in comparison to the past. It is getting worse in the context of propagating information and entertainment to consumers or audience. Thus for ecology of media to be substantiated according to Qualley it must be dynamic in nature given the high rate of communication and evolution of the same. This is due to the need to keep up with the changes present in the various communicators used in the media world. He essentially assumes a point of duality while relating to the issues brought forth by Postman. He accepts the rapid changes in the media world and specifically in the television world. On the other hand, he states that media has some positive aspects such as the propagation of public discourse (Quayle, 2009). Paul Grabowicz states that a majority of journalists in the world of media assumed the profession because of the passion for storytelling. Hence, they were all drawn by the need to provide entertainment and not to provide information to the audience. He indicates that the audience is drawn in by the presence of high quality of entertainment irrespective of lack of information. This according to the author is par of the human brain, which cannot be downplayed or assumed (Grabowicz, 2012). Digital media in the contemporary society according to the author could affect the print media or narrative as he calls it negatively. Such has resulted in an explosion, in conveyance and movement of information in the society. The â€Å"explosion† of information as he defines has resulted in content that is shallow as people are bent on providing raw information and data (Grabowicz, 2012). This could be attributed to the high accessibility of information and digital media, which enable people to, access various types of information that they are able to communicate with others in the society. Some view that the internet and other digital media as reductionism media that are aimed at reducing the narrative media. However, this new form of communication or media could be used as a platform for experiential and multidimensional storytelling to the audience. The new media platforms could provide people with avenues fro improving their creativity in the development of captivating stories for the audience (Grabowicz, 2012). He is of the opinion that the various forms of storytelling could be assumed and enhanced with the use of digital media. Essentially a story could be divided into the various segments, which could in turn be propagated via use of various media such as texts, video, audio, photos and graphic images. Creation of stories into the identified formats enhances accessibility of such knowledge. Accessibility comes into play in that various individuals have access to the provided formats of storage of the reading material. Hence, this is a form of giving power to the people through knowledge (Grabowicz, 2012). In addition, he emphasizes of the need to develop the stories or narratives to fit into the various needs of the audience (Grabowicz, 2012). Audience needs vary mainly due the ages of the audience. Stories should be fitted into the various media forms with the consideration of the message or information contained in a story. This is the main determinant, as different consumers are looking for different content and information in the narratives. In conclusion, media has undergone transformations majority of which could be attributed to technological advancements. Other aspects, such as globalization and modernization, have played a significant role in the growth and changes, in modernization. Reference Grabowicz, P. (8th September 2012). â€Å"Multimedia Storytelling† The Transition to Digital Journalism. Postman, N. (1985). Amusing ourselves to death: Public discourse in the age of show business. New York: Viking Quayle, M. (2009). â€Å"The Method of the Medium is in Motion† Across the Legacies of Hope and meaning Conference. New York: Fordham University.

Pacing in Writing 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked

Pacing in Writing 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked Pacing in Writing: 10 Powerful Ways to Keep Readers Hooked If you’ve ever bitten your nails in expectation while reading a novel - or struggled to focus on a particularly long passage of a book - then you already have firsthand experience when it comes to learning how readers can be affected by the pacing in writing. Pacing refers to the speed at which the action takes place. It’s a vital part of your story, and it takes time and careful consideration to get just right. What is pacing and why is it important? Learn the answer here Why exactly is pacing important?Think all you need is a compelling character to hook readers? Well†¦ you need a bit more than just that. Wonderfully drawn characters can’t keep your readers interested forever - even a book featuring beloved characters like Indiana Jones, Harry Potter, or Elizabeth Bennet would be a slog if the first fifty pages described them slowly going about their daily activities.That's where pacing steps in. Pacing affects the mood of your story, helps develop ideas and themes, and allows your readers to connect to the characters and the events that surround them.While it might be easy to think that a fast pace will be most effective, the truth is that it depends on the story you’re telling. While thrillers tend to be quick and action-packed, romances and other character-driven stories sometimes work best when they take their time.To see what "fast-paced" means, check out these 23 psychological thrillers that will make your head spin.That sai d, the most important thing to keep in mind when you're outlining your novel and thinking about pacing is balance. A single story can’t (and shouldn’t) be all fast or all slow. Instead, there should be a trade-off between the two. This provides variety, makes the story interesting, and keeps the readers hooked.Think about it as music: it’s the highs and lows combined that makes a song appealing to the ear. If it was made up of a single, flat note, it would be pretty boring, wouldn’t it?What techniques have you used to change the pacing of your story? Let us know in the comments below!

Database application, Planning, Design, and Implementation Assignment

Database application, Planning, Design, and Implementation - Assignment Example 273). To build huge groups of data functional, individuals and organizations make use of computers and effiecient data management systems. Similar to a warehouse, a database is a storage area for group of similar and associated data or facts. On the other hand, a database management system (DBMS) is software tool that facilitates multiple users to store, retrieve, and perform operations on data or facts into functional information (Norton, 2001, p. 272). The database design and development starts with the analysis of the system. In our database for home we will analyze the daily working routines and access the main aspects that can be documented and digitalized. For this purpose will conduct a detailed analysis for the overall working and activities performed in the house, for instance, we need a system that can document and manage the daily work plan, house budget, requirement management, indoor and outdoor activities. The databases system for the house can manage the daily work plan, record activities, handle house budget and specially the food menu. We can also manage and handle our diet plan with this system and develop a balanced daily diet plan. The system will provide us details and comprehensive information for the daily diet plan. There are various players in this databases that can use and manage the database at home. Parents can develop a diet plan for their children and feed them according to that plan. This makes the overall handling of the children diet easier. The parents also plan their daily tasks and duties so that they can perform those jobs at time and effectively. The handling of budget plan can be done by wife or husband that feed and allocate the appropriate resources for the house monthly resource management. The player can interact with the system and each other directly. The system will be available to every user and they can view and mange the resource according to their desire. The each section will be

Discuss about emotional intelligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discuss about emotional intelligence - Essay Example icity disclosed in the article entitled â€Å"What Makes a Leader?† that a high degree of emotional intelligence is significantly linked to effective leadership in terms of exemplifying qualities or five components such as â€Å"self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skill† (Goleman, 1998, p. 136). In the article, Goleman (1998) conducted studies that aimed to evaluate the specific capabilities that actually emerge as the predominant variable that singles out exemplary effective leaders. After categorizing the capabilities into technical skills, cognitive abilities, and possessing emotional intelligence, the results have revealed that leaders that are high in emotional intelligence are deemed most effective. Findings also apparently link emotional intelligence to outstanding performance, in conjunction to exemplary leadership. The five components of emotional intelligence clearly establish how possessing these traits make an ordinary leader extraordinary. Self-awareness, for instance, was defined as â€Å"the ability to recognize and understand†¦moods, emotions, and drives, as well as their effect on others† (Goleman, 1998, p. 137). Effective leaders were deemed to be honest of their own capabilities and those of others. Their abilities encompass being able to admit failures; yet possessing resiliency and the ability to maintain an optimistic stance. The other component of emotional intelligence, self-regulation, shows its direct influence to effective leadership in terms of â€Å"the ability to control or redirect disruptive impulses and moods† (Goleman, 1998, p. 136). This component likewise manifests the leaders’ ability â€Å"to think before acting† (Goleman, 1998, p. 136). There is much rationalizing done prior to decision-making. Effective leaders are good motivators; as well as they are driven by factors beyond satisfying physiological needs. As a sensitive and discerning person, a leader is able to assess the needs and drives

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Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective

Sigmund Freud and the Psychodynamic Perspective Introduction The origins of The Psychodynamic Perspective can be traced to the early work of Sigmund Freud. Using sub headings this essay will identify the main tenets of Freud’s approach to the understanding of human behaviour: his views on determinism; his use of hypnosis as therapy; his belief that human behaviour is controlled by separate yet interlinked layers of the mind (conscious and unconscious); his views on sex and aggression; and the importance he placed on unresolved and unseen conflict involving the ‘ego’, the ‘id’, and the ‘superego’ (Cave: 1999, p.31/2). The work will then explore how the perspective might be used in a healthcare setting, and will assess inherent strengths and weaknesses. Determinism Determinism, the belief that ‘every state of affairs, including every human event, act, and decision is the inevitable consequence of antecedent states of affairs’ (GuruNet: for details see References) greatly influenced Freud who sought to identify hidden causes for human behaviours. His theory is a dynamic process from the early years of a human’s life where the first interactions with others affect the development of the personality, through to the adult years where the person learns and adopts social values. Hypnosis During his time in France, Freud observed the work of Jean Charcot whose use  of hypnosis led to his ‘inducing and curing hysterical paralyses by means of direct  hypnotic suggestion.’ (Gay: 1998, p.49). Later work with Josef Breuer involved hypnosis where patients recalled traumatic experiences and expressed their emotions as a way to release the conflict within; this was the cathartic method. Freud began to develop his idea that emotionally disturbed patients had problems that were sexually orientated, and, as a development on his work in hypnosis he worked on the idea of ‘free association.’ (Nye: 1975, p.11). Instead of sending patients into a trance using his voice, Freud altered the technique of hypnosis so that the patient independently drew forth words and feelings which might be analysed or explained by the analyst. Unconscious and Conscious activity ‘Freud himself regarded the concept of the unconscious as fundamental to psychoanalysis. It is what makes the psychoanalytic approach distinctive; it is the defining characteristic of the Freudian perspective towards human action.’ (Bocock: 2002, P.32) One of the fundamental beliefs behind Freud’s work was indeed his distinction  between the unconscious, preconscious, and conscious areas of the human mind. He stipulated that the unconscious was the governing force where dreams, habits, thoughts and feelings originate from. In order to investigate these phenomenon he used psychoanalysis; as Nye phrases it in The Three Psychologies ‘it is the role of psychoanalysis to unravel the mystery by seeking the sources of thoughts, feelings, and actions in hidden drives and conflicts.’ (1975, p.10). Through using this technique Freud aimed to identify the nature of crucial communications occurring in early childhood which would affect adult behaviour. Dream interpretation is another of Freud’s infamous techniques; occurring when a person is asleep and unguarded he claimed that this was an opportunity for  unconscious drives and desires to manifest themselves through symbolic images. The  waking human mind however is conscious, meaning that it is aware of what is  immediate to it, and the preconscious is the level between. As Nye summarises it: ‘the unconscious consists of all aspects of our personalities of which we are unaware. The preconscious consists of that which is not immediately at the level of awareness  but is fairly accessible.’ (1975, p.13). The id As part of his understanding of human behaviour Freud identified the human personality as constituting three different structures: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is what the human child is born with instinct which contains base biological drives; the id seeks immediate satisfaction of primitive impulses, and operates on the ‘pleasure principle’ (Freud: 1927, p.30), seeking to avoid pain and maximise gratification. The instincts that a person is born with remain with them for life: life energy and death energy, which exist side by side, respectively concern the drive to survive (eat, drink, reproduce), and the primitive tendency to return to the ‘inanimate state’ (Nye: 1975, p.14) which has its origins in the prehistory of the world where life forms were unstable. Sex and Aggression ‘In proposing two psychological entities: our animal selves, in the form of the id, and our social selves, the ego and super-ego, (Freud) directly addressed the relationship between biology and socialisation, and the dynamic between them. For Freud, being human was individual peoples endless negotiation between the two.’ (Bland: 2003). It is precisely such negotiation that causes the varieties and extremes of behaviour seen in human beings. As well as the life and death instincts, humans are driven by their sexual drive and their aggressive drive; these being underlying causes of human behaviour. Freud made no distinction between what people might class as ‘everyday’ feelings and sexual feelings. Because humans are animals they are driven to  experience primal urges and desires but simultaneously live in a society where  standards contain and condition human behaviour. Thus, this is where the conflict arises between the drives of the id and the learnt morality of the superego so that anxiety, fear, and neuroses can all be traced to a basic incompatibility of the human  instinct with the socialised world which has evolved around it. The nature of Freud’s concept of aggression is that it is innate and thus a natural state. As one of the most powerful energies within the human mind aggression can cause serious damage mental and physical if it is not released in some way. Freud’s claims that some of the innate destructive energy is never released and so a person harbours the death instinct which eventually overcomes the other drives resulting in death. (Nye: 1975). Ultimately, the emotional life of a human being is destined to be a turbulent one: powerful energies conflict and override each other, and it is the role of psychodynamic therapy to uncover and understand the layers and symbolism within the psyche. A further understanding of these complex processes may be achieved through examining Freud’s concept of the ego and the nature of its functions. The Ego Freud suggested that the ego is a form of mediation between the urges of the id and the learnt morality in the super-ego, evolving as a person grows older in order to help them cope with the world. As the ego develops so does the person’s perception of reality, and a wider view is attained than simply the pleasures of subjective gratification. Freud’s pleasure principle thus becomes replaced by the ’reality principle’ (Stoodley: 1959, p.169). The desires of the id cannot always be realised, so the ego causes humans to convert them into other modes of behaviour;  not only in cathartic sport activities but also in people’s careers. Understanding the work environment in the context of the Psychodynamic Perspective will be discussed later. Freud likens the ego to a ‘a man on horseback, who has to hold in check the superior strength of the horse; with this difference, that the rider seeks to do so with  his own strength while the ego uses borrowed forces. () Often a rider, if he is not to be parted from his horse, is obliged to guide it where it wants to go; so in the same  way the ego constantly carries into action the wishes of the id as if they were its own.’ (Freud: 1927, p.30). Freud’s approach was radical for his time because he saw psychology very much through the same eyes as he saw evolution; as a process involving accumulative and transferable energy. Freud suggested that the energy levels in a person originating from the id and controlled, to an extent, by the ego (depending on circumstances) were affected by restrictions placed on that person by those around them. If these energies were not allowed to have an outlet then the person might suffer from anxiety. A strong ego will therefore develop as the person’s circumstances allow them to adjust to the real world while also going part of the way to satisfying the demands of the id. The Superego The superego incorporates the values and morals of society which are learnt from a person’s parents and other influential figures, and develops as a result of rewards and punishments as the individual grows up. The superego provides the personality with a conscience; a form of overview concerning right and wrong actions, which can cause a person to feel guilty. Freud termed the superego’s internal standard of what a person should be as the ‘ego-ideal’. (Nye: 1975, p.20). The superego is responsible for extremes of behaviour such as introvert behaviour, where  it will concern the person with too many of society’s rules, inhibiting the id and ’immobilizing the ego’s attempts to achieve satisfaction in the real world (Nye: 1975, p.20). On the other hand it can also cause extrovert behaviour where the individual abandons the expected standards of society. Anxiety and defence mechanisms When anxieties develop they can often be explained through the processes which  Freud termed ‘anxiety or defence mechanisms.’ The problem is to do with the  desires of the id they can be controlled by the superego and directed by the ego, but they still remain as very strong inclinations within the psyche. A desire of the id to act in a particular way may be thought of as wrong or punishable and thus creates guilt and tension anxiety within the person. The impulse might be expressed in a disguised form that society does approve of for example becoming a racing car driver or boxer as an outlet for aggression. Other ways of coping with the presence of inner energies are: Repression This is the phenomenon of forcing the uncomfortable desires, painful feelings and memories into the unconscious, only for them to affect our behaviour and mental states on a subliminal level, maybe emerging as Freudian slips or as symbolic imagery in nightmares. It is the job of the ego to try and prevent the ‘forgotten’ thoughts from returning to the conscious mind. Projection This occurs when someone assigns their own negative thoughts to another in order to  absolve themselves of the feeling. Denial Negative aspects of a situation may be avoided if the ego simply does not  acknowledge that they are there; this may be conscious or unconscious. Sublimation When forbidden impulses are channelled into socially acceptable behaviour or a socially beneficial situation for example, an aggressive man might choose to become  a martial arts teacher or a soldier. Alternatively, when a substitute action or transfer  of energy replaces the reaction to the person or object that originally caused the upset it is called displacement. The Psychodynamic Perspective in a healthcare setting Freud’s work has been influential not just in the field of psychology but also in conjunction with the sphere of mental health and social care. His group dynamics where he suggests that a group of people admit the same person a leader into their superego and identify with each other (Cave: 1999, p.57) can help individuals to understand the sometimes complex relations between work colleagues. For example, when a new worker joins a team it takes time to become integrated: Freud would say that this was due to the ‘personal space’ barrier (Cave: 1999, p.58) not yet being broken. Once the person is accepted then the group directs hostility to others outside of it, the barrier changing to a ‘group space’ barrier. More importantly an awareness of group processes can help ‘inform, promote insight, change behaviour or alleviate suffering.’(Cave: 1999, p.50). Understanding the relationships between individuals within a group is crucial for healthcare professionals who work in hospitals and care homes. For example, it could be beneficial to understand what facilitates group cohesion when working with discussion/therapy groups. Alternatively, a patient who is afraid of group work may  be best understood in isolation Freud’s psychoanalytic approach is commonly used in counselling and therapy for drug users, those who have been/are abused, and can be  beneficial to those suffering from obsessions and neurotic disorders. It is vital to have a good rapport and understanding between healthcare workers and patients to provide the best professional environment for recovery. Difficult situations often arise which require tact and discretion such as bereavement and can be understood in terms of Freud’s distinctions between the ego and the id and the conscious and unconscious mind. For example, an unusual pattern of behaviour (possibly anger or guilt) seen in a bereaved person might be attributed to a  defence mechanism which is masking the hidden conflict or upset associated with the death. Critical evaluation of the Psychodynamic Perspective Like all psychological theories, Freud’s is susceptible to heavy criticism because it is one of many perspectives all of which are formed by people trying to study other people making it difficult to attain complete objectivity. Skinner’s behaviourist theory criticises Freud for his belief that many guilt and anxiety complexes are sexually orientated (Nye: 1975, p.52), and there is also conflict between Freudian theorists and those psychologists who view behaviour as controlled by external factors: an example being the issue of suggestion in psychoanalysis and hypnosis. Take for instance, the case study of ‘Dora’ (Cave: 1975, p.37) whose abuse was suggested by Freud to be imagined, the consequence being that after counselling sessions with Freud she showed no signs of improvement. There is discrepancy about the meaning of dream symbols, and the outcome of hypnosis and psychoanalysis is often ambiguous and unreliable. Further problems occur when using hypnosis as therapy because the patient might not be properly under, and, as Freud himself found, they may even fall asleep. Nye notes that Freud used a restricted sample while developing his theory so  that it was not fully representative, and therefore his ideas only have limited applicability. (1975, p.146). Freud’s studies might also have been selectively chosen  to represent his ideas considering the complex nature of concepts such as the Oedipus complex it is unlikely that his findings were reliably consistent. As Webster says in criticism of Freud: (He) made no substantial intellectual discoveries. He was the creator of a complex pseudo-science which should be recognized as one of the great follies of Western civilization. In creating his particular pseudo-science, Freud developed an autocratic, anti-empirical intellectual style which has contributed immeasurably to the intellectual ills of our own era. (Webster: 1995, p.438) A large amount of Freudian theory is indeed based around hypothetical concepts such as the id and the ego, and is restricting in the sense that all behaviour can be traced back to some hidden primal source. Yet it is necessary to bear in mind that much of Freud’s theory has found its way into everyday language such as the ‘unconscious’ and ‘conscious mind‘, the ‘ego‘, etc, and this in itself suggests that the theory makes adequate sense to the human mind. Thus, we are left with a theory that is at the very least plausible but left very much open to interpretation: like many opposing theories evidence can be found for and against it, and it is left to the individual to determine whether or not the theory is acceptable to them. References Bland. J., 2003, About Gender: Freud, the Father of Psychoanalysis. Available from URL (http://www.gender.org.uk/about/01psanal/11_freud.htm). Bocock, R., 2002, Sigmund Freud. London: Routledge. Cave, S., 1999, Therapeutic Approaches in Psychology. London: Routledge. Gay, P., 1998. Freud: A Life for Our Time. New York: Norton. GuruNet, online dictionary, available from URL (www.questia.com). Freud, S., 1927. The Ego and the Id. Contributors: Joan Riviere transltr. London: Hogarth press, and the Institute of psycho-analysis. Messer, D., and Meldrum, 1995, Psychology for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals. Prentice Hall: London. Nye, R., 1975, The Three Psychologies, 3rd Ed. California: Brooks. Stoodley, B., H., 1959, The Concepts of Sigmund Freud. Glencoe: Free Press Webster, R., 1995, Available from URL (JavaScript:parent.bookWindow(../books/bookstz.html l WebsterR_1995) Background Reading Fine, R., D., 1962, Freud: A Critical Re-Evaluation of His Theories. New York: David Mckay. Jones, E., 1953, The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud: The Formative Years and the Great Discoveries, 1856-1900. Volume: 1. New York: Basic Books. Levine, M., P., 2000, The Analytic Freud: Philosophy and Psychoanalysis. London: Routledge. Mansfield, N., 2000, Theories of the Self from Freud to Haraway. St. Leonards, N.S.W: Allen Unwin.